China Agricultural University
Vice president of Marx College
Professor Li Guihua
Investigation in Lugouqiao Township
Recently, Li Guihua, deputy secretary and vice president of the general Party branch of the school of Marxism, China Agricultural University, visited our township for investigation.
Recently, Li Guihua, deputy secretary and vice president of the general Party branch of the school of Marxism, China Agricultural University, visited our township for investigation. Dawayao village and relevant departments of township organs reported on the idea of carrying out activities around the Party History Museum of Dawayao village, the first rural Party branch of Beijing in 2020, and the school of Marxism of China Agricultural University and our Township reached cooperation intention. This year, we will deepen the promotion of Dawayao village Party History Museum, the first rural Party branch in Beijing, and focus on "three ones", namely, "one alliance", to launch the establishment of the Red Alliance of the rural grass-roots Party History Memorial Hall; "one oral record", to compile the oral record of the old party members in Dawayao village; "one play", based on the establishment of the first rural Party branch in Beijing in 1924 Around the typical characters such as Le Tianyu, Zhang Yongxiang and Shi Deshui, he created a drama. Cui Bing, member of the township party committee and organizing committee, attended the symposium.
In 2019, Professor Li Guihua and his party
Visit the Party History Museum of Dawayao village, the first rural Party branch in Beijing
The establishment of the first rural Party branch in Beijing
In the 1920s, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the first rural Party branch of Beijing was born in Dawayao village in the western suburb of Beijing. The establishment of the Party branch of Dawayao village is a historical witness of the spread of Marxism Leninism in Beijing's rural areas, and has a very important historical significance in promoting the development of Beijing's rural revolution.
1、 The spread of Marxism Leninism in Dawa kiln
The May 4th Movement in 1919 brought the proletariat to the stage of history and politics, and further promoted the spread of Marxism Leninism in China. In October 1920, Li Dazhao and Deng Zhongxia launched the establishment of the Communist group in Beijing. At the beginning of 1921, Deng Zhongxia was at Beijing Agricultural College (the predecessor of China Agricultural University, hereinafter referred to as "agricultural college"). It was changed to National Agricultural University of Beijing on March 8, 1924, and it was abbreviated to "beinongda" after 1924.) A socialist research group was set up, including Yang Kaizhi, Le Tianyu and Jiang Wenxiao. Since the experimental site of Beijing Agricultural College was located in Wulidian, not far from Dawayao village, Deng Zhongxia designated Dawayao village as the activity base of the socialist research group of Beijing Agricultural College in the first half of 1921, and carried out revolutionary propaganda near Dawayao village.
In the summer of 1921, the socialist research group distributed pamphlets to villages near the agricultural college to educate and enlighten villagers. Many people came into contact with Marxism for the first time because of reading the pamphlet, and then became very interested in it. Among them, Zhang Yongxiang, a primary school teacher in Dawayao village, was their representative. He often went to the agricultural college to discuss with the socialist group the vision of the socialist society, how to resist imperialism in semi colonial and semi feudal China, and how to lead the people to overthrow the dark rule, establish the socialist road and other issues, and was educated in this process. In addition to learning Marxism Leninism through pamphlets, Zhang Yongxiang also met Le Tianyu (the first Secretary of the Party branch of National Agricultural University of Beijing in 1924) under the guidance of a fellow countryman. At that time, under the arrangement of the party organization, letianyu was carrying out the peasant movement from Guang'anmenwai to Lugouqiao. Under his leadership, Zhang Yongxiang began to join in the peasant movement.
Le Tianyu assisted Li Dazhao in charge of the daily work of the Peasant Movement Committee of the Beijing Local Committee. Under his guidance, the peasant movement was carried out orderly. Luodaozhuang, Xiaojing, Dajing, xiaowayao, Dawayao and other villages, in order to oppose imperialist coercion and supervise the government's foreign policy, have put up the signs of "foreign support association" to express the strong will of the peasant class against imperialism and feudalism. In 1922, Dawayao village established agricultural innovation society, a mass public organization aiming at rural reform. As a result, agricultural innovation society became the earliest group organization in Fengtai. At the same time, with the help and guidance of the agricultural special branch of the Socialist Youth League, Dawayao village has set up night schools for farmers, aiming to carry out the enlightenment education of Marxism, help farmers to improve their awareness, teach farmers to learn culture, and use this as a channel to publicize revolutionary theories, accumulate revolutionary forces, and expand the influence of Marxism Leninism. Erqi factory is one of the sources of workers' strike, and also the work unit of many villagers in Dawayao village. In 1923, the 27th massacre made the villagers see the cruelty of the Northern Warlords and the nature of their being enslaved by imperialism, and also witnessed the thorough revolutionary spirit and organizational discipline of the Chinese working class. This incident has played a significant role in promoting the struggle of agricultural transport in Dawayao village.
2、 The establishment of the Party branch of Dawayao Village
With the rapid development of the Agricultural Movement and the active cultivation of the party organization, Zhang Yongxiang not only gets exercise in the struggle of the mass movement, but also gains rich knowledge in the continuous discussion and study with the socialist group. With the influence of Le Tianyu, Zhang Yongxiang gradually grows into an experienced backbone of the Agricultural Movement and a firm communist, and embarks on the path of communism. In the second half of 1924, with the recommendation and development of Le Tianyu, Zhang Yongxiang successfully joined the party and became the first rural Party member in the western suburbs of Beijing. On the other hand, the upsurge of agricultural transportation is constantly rising, and the counties and villages near Beijing are encouraged to join in one after another. Rural areas have gradually met the conditions for the establishment of Party groups and branches. In order to further carry out the leadership of the struggle of the agricultural movement, with the help of the Party branch of the North Agricultural University and the efforts of Zhang Yongxiang, Dawayao village has successfully established the Party branch, becoming the first rural Party branch in Beijing, and Zhang Yongxiang is the Party branch secretary. In the memory of Zhang Lin, a villager of Dawayao village, the Party branch with Zhang Yongxiang as the Secretary led the village to run a private school, set up a village office and establish a village head system. He once recalled that Zhang Yongxiang "played a positive role in promoting the red revolution and local construction. It should be said that Comrade Zhang Yongxiang has made a good leader and laid a solid foundation for Dawayao area to accept advanced ideas. Under the leadership of Zhang Yongxiang, Dawayao village carried out the activities of eliminating the tyrants and providing security along the Communist line, and advanced ideas were spread, and the revolutionary movement of Dawayao village opened a new chapter.
1924-1925 was the climax of the Beijing revolutionary movement. At that time, Beijing was still under the military and police rule of the remaining Northern Warlords. However, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the struggle of the Beijing Agricultural Movement did not decline at all. In the western suburbs, the Party branch of the Agricultural University has organized a powerful revolutionary team to carry out the continuous struggle of the rural movement, and inherited the revolutionary tradition of the peasant riots in the suburbs of Beijing in history, which is highlighted by the Federation of the working circles that fought against the reactionary in the previous Tiananmen Square Congress. Before and after the May 30 Movement in 1925, led by students, responded by workers, and promoted by the Party branch of the village, the farmers in the western suburbs, represented by Dawayao village and Gongzhufen village, responded positively. They became the main force in the demonstrations and mass gatherings against imperialism and warlord government, and the foreign aid activities in each village were also very active. On May 30, after the May 30 massacre, which shocked China and foreign countries, the anti imperialist patriotic movement of the Chinese people swept across the country under the leadership and promotion of the Communist Party of China. At the beginning of June, workers, students and other people from all walks of life in Beijing went on strike to strike classes, strike cities and strike posts in support of Shanghai's struggle. On June 9th, farmers in villages in the western suburb of Beijing spontaneously organized the national salvation Congress of farmers in the Western Suburb under the promotion of the student speech team of Agricultural University. Among them, the villagers of Dawayao village, inspired by the speech of Agricultural University, held the farmers' Congress automatically, and made the decision that "all the farmers who attended the Congress on the same day and the farmers in the western suburbs of Beijing joined the National Congress of Beijing".
3、 Radiation driven by the Party branch of Dawayao Village
In June 1925, in order to protest against the abominable act of British and Japanese imperialism killing our compatriots in the May 30 massacre, patriots from all walks of life, such as Beijing workers, students and farmers, bravely joined in the anti imperialist patriotic movement. Thus, the national revolutionary movement reached its climax in Beijing. On June 10, the "shameful meeting of all circles in Beijing on the massacre of British and Japanese imperialism compatriots" was held in Tian'anmen Gate. Centering on the three party branches of Dawayao, Gongzhufen and luodaozhuang, more than 300 peasants were mobilized to the western suburbs of Beijing to participate in the demonstration. Among them, Zhao Deqing, Wang Zhuquan and Gong Xingfu, the "three young heroes" of Dawayao village, went together. Zhang Yongxiang, Secretary of the Party branch of Dawayao village, delivered a speech as a representative of the peasants, denouncing the barbaric crimes of imperialism and expressing the determination of the peasants to fight against imperialism and the dauntless spirit of struggle. On the same day, during the March, the farmers used to shelter from the rain at Qianmen West Railway Station. The Japanese Embassy in China took advantage of this gap to instigate many hooligans to pick up fights and pick things up. It accused the March farmers of making trouble unreasonably and assaulting them, injuring Zhang Yongxiang, a representative of the farmers, and several farmers. After hearing the news, the Beijing Local Committee immediately sent Deng Jie, the propaganda minister, and Le Tianyu to the Lugouqiao area to visit the injured people. Accompanied by Le Tianyu, Deng Jie went to Dawayao village to find Zhang Yongxiang, and sent a message to the Party branch of Dawayao village, the starting point of the peasant movement in the western suburbs, which read "forward for the people"
"Everyone said that the characters were very similar to those written by beard (the nickname commonly used by Comrade Dazhao at that time)," he recalled later
As Deng Zhongxia said, "after the May 30 movement, the revolution climax, a flood.". In June, the Foreign Aid Committees of Dawayao and other villages actively cooperated with the strike of workers and carried out the anti imperialist movement under the organization of the Party branch of Beijing Agricultural University of the Communist Party of China. At the same time, in order to better coordinate and lead the work of agricultural movement, large villages such as Dawayao village have set up associations of agricultural associations to deal with relevant work instead of the diplomatic support association, but the name of the diplomatic support association still exists. 1925-1926, in the North
Under the leadership of the party organization of Beijing Agricultural University, Lugouqiao and Fengtai villages, represented by the Party branch of Dawayao village and the Party branch of Gongzhufen village, often hold lectures and other activities to carry out the activities of agricultural transport in a colorful and active way.
The Party branch of Dawayao village is not only in the front of the struggle of the agricultural movement, but also plays an important role as the rear of the struggle. In 1927, Chiang Kai Shek and Wang Ching Wei launched counter revolutionary coups on April 12 and July 15, betrayed the national revolution, began to arrest and massacre the revolutionary people on a large scale, destroyed revolutionary organizations, brutally suppressed the people's revolutionary movement, and created white terror. During the white terror period, many party members in the city were unable to stand because of their exposed identities, so they had to choose to hide in the nearby rural branches where the enemy's forces were relatively weak. Therefore, the rural branches once became the foothold of many city party members, providing them with shelter and playing a role of rear protection. On July 7, 1937, the Japanese bombarded Wanping City, and the Lugouqiao Incident broke out. The Party branch of Dawayao village, Dajing village and huangtugang village, which are located in Lugouqiao and Fengtai area, quickly mobilized the peasants to take action and cooperate with the 29th army in the Anti Japanese war. Carrying stretchers, digging trenches, old wounded and carrying materials, the peasants and the masses tried their best to fight in the battle of Lugouqiao on July 7th. Many people died for this and wrote a heroic and unyielding war song.
Dawayao village Party branch is the first rural Party branch in Beijing. The creation of the Party branch of Dawayao Village