Fruit is the main source of nutrients and can also be used as a staple food in some areas. As the output of fruit crops is very dependent on the external environment, with the growth of population and climate change, it is the general trend to cultivate stable and high-yield fruit crops. The development of CRISPR technology has brought a new blueprint for fruit crop breeding: in 2016, FDA of the United States approved the listing of CRISPR edited mushrooms; in 2017, FDA issued a pass for CRISPR edited soybeans and flax, which increased the confidence of scientists focusing on CRISPR Technology Application Research - CRISPR technology will open a new road for fruit crop breeding.
On June 15, 2019, horticulture research published online the research group of Professor Zhu Hongliang of China Agricultural University entitled "CRISPR technology is revolutionizing the improvement of tomato and other fruit In this paper, the mechanism of CRISPR, the optimization of crissr system and its application in fruit crops are summarized, and its controversy and future development are also discussed.
Figure 1 crispr-cas9 mediated gene editing mechanism in plants
With the help of crrna, cas9 protein can recognize DNA sequence and cut it. The double strand break will trigger the DNA repair mechanism in cells. In the process of repair, if there is no homologous repair template, the cells will follow the way of non homologous end connection (Figure 1), which will lead to the insertion, deletion and replacement of the break site base, thus damaging the gene function. Since CRISPR was successfully applied to plants in 2013, scientists have made great efforts to transform it into a powerful gene editing tool. At present, CRISPR CAS system can edit multiple genes at one time. It can not only target the open reading frame and non translation area of coding genes, but also edit long-chain non coding RNA and miRNA.
Figure 2 schedule of crispr-cas9 system applied to fruit crops for the first time
As a model crop in fruit crop research, CRISPR in tomato has been applied since 2014. Since then, crispr-cas9 system has been successfully applied to citrus, cucumber, apple, grape, watermelon, kiwi fruit, banana and other crops (Figure 2). In addition to the functional study of important genes in fruit crops, CRISPR technology has also made great contributions to the resistance of crops to biological and abiotic stresses, the improvement of fruit quality and the help of crop domestication. In addition, because the editing site of cas9 protein may not be on the same chromosome as the integration site of the carrier, the transgenic plants with low copy number can obtain the transgene without exogenous DNA by self crossing or hybridization with wild-type plants Clean plants, which are considered non transgenic crops, are not subject to the same strict supervision as transgenic crops in some areas, which will greatly promote the application of CRISPR.
The editorial department of horticulture research specially invited Professor Zhu Hongliang and Dr. Wang Tian, the corresponding author of this paper, to share the relevant research content of "Application of gene editing in horticultural crop research" live from 20:00-21:00 on April 25, 2020. Welcome to participate! ?
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Horticulture research is an open access English journal in the field of horticulture published jointly by Springer Nature Publishing Group and Nanjing Agricultural University. It was first published in January 2014 and included in SCI in 2017. This journal is devoted to publishing basic and theoretical research including genetics, breeding, genomics and evolution, origin and domestication of horticultural crops, biotechnology, biochemistry, physiology, cell and molecular biology, etc. The editor in chief of the journal is Dr. Cheng Zongming, Professor of Nanjing Agricultural University / University of Tennessee.
Journal Index 2018:
2-year impact factor: 3.640
5-year impact factor: 4.443
Horticultural area I: no.3/36
Plant science area I: no.32/228
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HortRes | doi:10.1038/s41438-019-0159-x
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CRISPR technology is revolutionizing the improvement of tomato and other fruit crops
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