Agricultural material friend ~ a good friend of agricultural material person?
Zhu Qizhen: Professor and doctoral supervisor of China Agricultural University. At present, he is director of the Institute of farmers' issues, China Agricultural University.
Zhu Qizhen: we can't ignore the role of agricultural labor in the education of big cities
It can be said that many of the good qualities that Chinese people advocate are formed from agricultural labor, so today we should pay special attention to its new Beijing News (reporter Zhou Huaizong). Recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The opinions of the State Council on Comprehensively Strengthening labor education in primary and secondary schools in the new era has been printed and distributed, and the neglected labor education in the past years has returned to the public vision, which has aroused widespread concern and discussion.
When it comes to labor, Zhu Qizhen, director of the Institute of peasant issues of China Agricultural University, said that we should attach importance to the educational value of agricultural labor. He said, "agricultural culture is the main part of Chinese traditional culture. It can be said that many good qualities that Chinese people advocate are gradually formed in agricultural labor. Therefore, this kind of educational effect of agricultural labor on people should get more Attach importance to. Pragmatic, thrifty, diligent and patient, Zhu Qizhen thinks that students can understand too much of the fine inheritance of Chinese traditional culture from agricultural labor practice, and the most critical inheritance is "honesty", "other labor may be fake, but agricultural labor is not, because you can't cheat the land, you cheat the land, it doesn't grow.".
Agricultural labor, not only to create wealth
Beijing News: when did your research on agricultural labor begin?
Zhu Qizhen: I study agricultural sociology. About 20 years ago, I began to study the behavior of agricultural labor. Generally speaking, people think that agricultural labor is to create material wealth and can make money, but from the sociological point of view, agricultural labor is far more than just making money. Agricultural labor will also provide human beings with ecological, landscape, soil and water conservation and other values. For example, agricultural landscape, large rape flower fields are very good-looking, which are all planted by farmers, but farmers will not be paid for the landscape. In fact, the boundary of agricultural culture is larger than ordinary people think. Our traditional society is agricultural civilization, and agricultural culture is the main part of traditional culture. These cultures are formed and accumulated in thousands of years of agricultural labor, and still remain in agricultural labor.
Beijing News: you once said that agricultural labor can educate people. Is that the reason?
Zhu Qizhen: for example, we all say that farmers are pragmatic and think that this is too conservative. In fact, it is precisely the excellent quality of farmers. Seeing is believing, not blindly pursuing uncertain results. This is related to the characteristics of agricultural labor. Agricultural production is cyclical. It takes a long time for labor to show its effect. Every link should not be sloppy. The proverb says that "people are wrong for a time, and people are wrong for a year". When we plant the land, we can't say that we plant it first and we can't wait for it to grow. So we must be pragmatic and pragmatic. There are many similar ones. It can be said that many of the good qualities that Chinese people advocate are formed from agricultural labor, so we should pay special attention to them today.
People who have worked in farmland will not waste food
Beijing News: can you tell us in detail what role agricultural labor plays in the formation of people's character?
Zhu Qizhen: there are many forms and contents of enlightenment. First of all, people will understand the way to get along with nature, because agricultural labor should be completed with the help of nature. In the process of labor, people should understand the laws of nature and know how to act according to the laws, rather than destroy the laws of nature. Secondly, agricultural labor is very hard and tiring. People will experience the hardships of agricultural production in their labor. Generally speaking, as long as the people who have worked in the farmland have a common quality - they will not waste food, because they know how hard the food is obtained. Now many students don't know the value of one porridge and one meal. They throw away so much food at will in the canteen. If they have experienced a complete work of spring planting and autumn harvest, they will definitely know that they should treasure food, and also know how to respect farmers and labor.
Beijing News: can you tell us how to cherish?
Zhu Qizhen: it's often said that "no pains, no gains". It seems to describe agricultural labor, but in fact, this statement is not always accurate. In fact, agricultural labor is not always able to "no pains, no gains". In the whole cycle of agricultural production, there are too many factors that can not be controlled by human beings. Maybe a big storm will bring you nothing. If a person has ever worked like this and got nothing, he will surely know how to cherish it better.
Farmers are the most scientific people
Beijing News: with the development of agricultural science and technology, agricultural labor itself is changing. Will those experiences and meanings still exist?
Zhu Qizhen: the mode of production has changed, but some things have not. Moreover, the progress of production mode just shows another quality of farmers, that is, they are the people with the most "scientific literacy". It seems strange that an organization once made a survey of scientific literacy, and found that the scientific literacy of farmers is the highest. They thought they had made a mistake. Find me and let me analyze what was wrong. I told them that there is no mistake. Farmers are indeed the most scientific literacy people.
Beijing News: is there any reason?
Zhu Qizhen: first of all, farmers' demand for science and technology, their ability to accept and use science and technology are stronger than any group. People in the city will change the most advanced mobile phones at any time, but what do they use them for? Play a game? Farmers are different. They have practical needs. They are always thinking about how to water, how to fertilize, how to find better varieties, and how to make crops grow better. Their labor is very hard, so they will try to use machinery, technology and equipment to reduce labor intensity. So, farmers are a group of people who think about science and technology every day. Although they may not realize it themselves, they are. Today, we encourage young people to take part in agricultural labor, in fact, we can also take this opportunity to cultivate their scientific literacy.
Honesty is the most important quality in agricultural labor
Beijing News: spring planting, summer work, autumn harvest and winter storage are the common laws of traditional agriculture. What kind of inspiration can they give us?
Zhu Qizhen: the periodicity of agricultural labor can best cultivate a person's patience and tenacity. Industrial labor is also labor, but the periodicity of agricultural labor makes there is a long interval between labor and harvest. In this process, we can't be impatient. We all know that it's not good to promote the growth of seedlings. We should learn to persist and wait. Farmers have a very important quality, tenacity and endurance, because they know that only respect the life characteristics of the working object, plant a seed, take care of it carefully, wait slowly, wait for it to take root, germinate, blossom and bear fruit. Those who can't persist and are eager to get something will often get nothing.
Beijing News: so, is this enlightenment or enlightenment not only related to labor, but also to the laws of biological growth?
Zhu Qizhen: in the process of agricultural labor, people's awareness of respecting life will be cultivated. No matter in planting or breeding, the objects of labor are all alive. They have their growth rules and ways of survival. Only those who know how to cultivate and care can get the best harvest.
Beijing News: what do you think is the most important of all the qualities that people can develop in agricultural labor?
Zhu Qizhen: I think the most important thing is honesty. Agricultural labor can't be fake. Other labor may be fake, but agricultural labor can't, because you can't cheat the land. If you cheat the land, it doesn't grow. People say that the farmers are honest, which sometimes even becomes demeaning. But this is precisely the most valuable quality of farmers, and also one of the most valuable quality of the whole human society.
[question and answer]
About agricultural labor class
1. If time is the scale of life, what extra-curricular work did you take part in and what marks did you leave?
Zhu Qizhen: in our student days, labor is the main and study is the auxiliary. Labor was the first. At that time, in the countryside, we had to participate in agricultural labor every day, and all the work in the field had to be done.
2. Now in retrospect, what do you feel about those labors?
Zhu Qizhen: almost all childhood memories are related to labor. I learned to work, and I learned to respect labor and workers. Now some young people look down upon the peasants and dislike them as dirty. They don't even sit in the chairs they have sat in. But those of us who have participated in agricultural work will never, because we are laborers.
3. In view of the current urban conditions, what kind of labor education do you think students need?
Zhu Qizhen: our country attaches great importance to labor education, and many places have done a lot of work and efforts. For example, every year in Beijing, there are "social classes" for primary and secondary school students, in which there are contents of experiencing agricultural activities. The problem is that some activities are still in the form of letting children in the city go to the countryside to participate in agricultural labor, but most of them are outings and entertainment, which is at most a farming experience. The role of agricultural labor in the education of human beings has not been reflected. In this respect, more in-depth and systematic research and analysis can be carried out. Some people may think it's not easy to take part in agricultural labor in big cities. In fact, when I did relevant research in the past few years, some schools opened up farmland on campus. Even without such conditions, it's not difficult to go to the suburbs. Now the traffic is so developed, it's not impossible to work in the farmland in the suburbs on a regular basis.
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