Introduction: "innovation, change, breaking the situation", entering a new era, in order to further deepen the "three aspects", promote the academic exchange of animal nutrition, and help the growth of young talents, "summer peace Youth Award" came into being, young scholars from 27 member units under the Key Laboratory of animal nutrition and feed subject group of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas will present their recent years to the industry one by one Major research results. Their efforts, efforts and gains will be the perfect interpretation of the continuous development and innovation of animal nutrition people in the new era!
Dr. Zhou Zhenming
Feed safety and biological potency of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas
Young scholars recommended by key laboratories
Personal profile
Associate professor and doctoral supervisor of School of animal science and technology of China Agricultural University, post expert of national beef and yak industry technology system (feed processing and utilization post); Deputy Secretary General of beef Professional Economic Committee of China forestry, animal husbandry and fishery economic society; member of national grass and animal husbandry situation analysis expert group.
Research direction: beef cattle nutritional needs and evaluation of nutritional value; beef cattle gastrointestinal microbial ecological regulation and health.
Research experience: 2005 / 06-present, Department of animal nutrition and feed science, China Agricultural University; 2015 visiting scholar, Wageningen University, Netherlands; 2009 visiting scholar, Ohio State University, USA. Presided over 4 national natural fund projects, 1 government purchase service project, 1 national key R & D project during the 13th Five Year Plan period, 1 special research project of public welfare industry (Agriculture), and 3 projects of Ministry of agriculture and rural areas. Translated the eighth edition of NRC nutritional needs of beef cattle; authorized 6 national invention patents, and received or published 20 SCI papers and 15 core Chinese Journal Papers in Journal of animal science, frontier in microbiology, applied microbiology and biotechnology, bio source technology and other journals by the first or corresponding author.
Summary of achievements
1. Nutritional needs of beef cattle and evaluation of feed nutritional value
The nutritional requirement model of Chinese beef cattle was established. Translated by NRC, the eighth edition of beef cattle nutrition needs, published by Science Press in July 2018 (isbn978-7-03-057290-5). According to the actual situation of beef cattle production and forage resources in China, the forage resources of beef cattle in China were evaluated, and the technical system of producing high quality and healthy beef with unconventional forage was established. Taking local straw, distiller's grains, mulberry leaves, bamboo shoot shells and other by-products as raw materials, beef cattle were fed with feed made by nutrient balance formula theory and microbial fermentation technology, which reduced the feed cost of beef cattle (Journal of animal science, 2019; animal, 2019; Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2014); based on the biological evaluation of feed nutrients, the nutritional needs model of beef cattle was established, and the optimization of rumen microbial protein synthesis was achieved through the synchronization of rumen energy and nitrogen. It promotes the transformation of beef cattle nutritional needs from static evaluation to dynamic evaluation (scientific reports, 2019, animals, 2019).
2. The regulation of rumen and digestive tract microecological system in beef cattle and the study of the interaction mechanism of rumen microorganisms and the relationship between rumen microorganisms and host by using multi-component technology. Presided over four national natural funds, the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide induced rumen epithelial damage and cell inflammatory response (No: 31672449); the effect and mechanism of propionic acid on rumen epithelial development of early weaned calves (No: 31372335); the molecular mechanism of small intestinal nutrition absorption and mucosal immune difference affecting the remaining intake of beef cattle (No: 31372335); the inhibition of rumen methane production by nitrate nitrogen No. 31101738. It was confirmed that the addition of nitrate nitrogen not only reduced the methane production of rumen fermentation, but also increased the protein synthesis of rumen microorganisms. At the theoretical level, the fundamental reason for the reduction of nitrate nitrogen by rumen microorganisms was clarified. The diversity and complexity of rumen microecological system were elucidated, and the possibility of reducing methane emission and using non protein nitrogen to improve animal productivity was put forward. By adding rumen control substances, such as yeast additives, propionate, plant extracts and so on, the normal rumen function is ensured and the production performance of animals is improved. The results showed that rumen regulatory substances not only changed the types of rumen fermentation, but also changed the microflora (Applied Microbiology and biotechnology, 2017; PLoS One, 2017; Asian Australian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2017; BMC microbiology, 2017; PLoS One, 2016;). The changes of rumen microflora and nutrient metabolism of yaks under different feeding modes were studied (frontier in microbiology, 2017; frontier in microbiology, 2019). The above research results have played a certain role in clarifying the interaction mechanism among bacteria, fungi and protozoa, and in understanding the molecular mechanism of coordination and symbiosis between microorganisms and hosts.
3. The development and application of the key technologies of beef cattle industry chain under the background of national advocacy of healthy animal husbandry and ecological agriculture, put forward the construction of beef cattle healthy breeding and quality safety standardization, and promote the rational utilization mode of beef cattle breeding. Served as the post expert of national beef and yak industry technology system (cars-37), responsible for beef feed processing and utilization. Presided over the government procurement project of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, the key technology integration demonstration project of cattle and sheep husbandry and breeding in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry (No.: 16190050), involving 8 provinces or autonomous regions, 33 scientific research units and demonstration enterprises. Taking into account the scale of farming and animal husbandry and the bearing capacity of resources and environment, optimize the spatial layout of animal husbandry, promote the structural adjustment of herbivorous animal husbandry, and promote the development of cattle, sheep and other herbivorous animal husbandry. In 2019, the national industry standards "grading of beef cow body condition" and "steam pressed corn for feed" have entered the final stage, which will promote the healthy development of beef cattle industry.
Representative papers of achievements
1. Autoclaved bagasse as a potential feedstuff for beef cattle: effects of different pretreatment conditions on its nutritional value
Chen, W.B., Zhang, S., Li, Y., Wu, H., Meng, Q.X., Zhou, Z.M. 2019. Steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse as a potential beef cattle feedstock: effects of different pretreatment conditions. Journal of Animal Science, 97(6), 2414-2423.
Abstract: bagasse, a kind of lignocellulosic biomass produced by sugar production, is seldom used directly for economic reasons. However, pretreatment of the biomass can make it a feedstuff for beef cattle. Therefore, the nutritional value of bagasse with different steam explosion conditions was analyzed by in vitro fermentation technology, scanning electron microscope and chemical analysis digestibility. In vitro incubation of untreated and six different pretreated samples was carried out at a pressure of 0.6 to 1.6 MPa for 96 hours at an interval of 0.2 MPa for 5 minutes. The results showed that the increase of pressure in steam explosion pretreatment resulted in the degradation of hemicellulose and the increase of soluble sugar content, especially for arabinose (L; P & lt; 0.01) and xylose (Q; P & lt; 0.01). In vitro incubation showed that the gas production and degradation rate of bagasse increased linearly (L; P & lt; 0.01) compared with untreated bagasse. When the steam pressure is higher than 1.0 MPa, the lag time disappears, and the maximum gas production can be obtained by 5 minutes pretreatment at 1.4 MPa. In addition, the energy value and OM digestibility of pretreated bagasse were enhanced by steam explosion (Q: P & lt; 0.01). Therefore, the current results show that bagasse can be effectively used as pretreatment of potential beef materials after steam explosion. Key words: bagasse; feed; natural gas production; subject of steam explosion: research direction of national beef and yak industry technology system (cars-37): assessment of beef cattle nutritional needs and feed nutritional value; 2. Estimation of rumen protein degradation in beef cattle feed
Liu, C., Li, D.Y., Chen, W.B., Li, Y., Wu, H., Meng, Q.X., Zhou, Z.M. 2019a. Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation from beef cattle feedstuff. Scientific Reports, 9.
Abstract: the degradation of rumen crude protein of 12 kinds of feed commonly used in China was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Corn, sorghum, barley, wheat, Chinese Wild Ryegrass, corn straw, straw, soybean straw, soybean powder, DDGS, cereals for beer and sunflower meal were 52.57, 49.68, 65.38, 72.58, 82.41 and 72.26 respectively,
68.57,76.95,54.75,56.27,29.03 and 41.88%, respectively. The linear regression between NH3-N incorporation and gas production was significant (r = 0.9948, P & lt; 0.001, r = 0.9874, P & lt; 0.01, r = 0.9912, P & lt; 0.01). Based on the linear regression equation, we estimated the in vitro protein degradation rate (IVPD), and established the regression equation between IVPD and NPU. The linear regression equation between IVPD and hatching energy, protein, and roughage group y = x 0.5633 + 33.20 (R2 = 0.8517, P & lt; 0.05), y = x 0.8482 + 34.81 (R2 = 0.8650, P & lt; 0.05), X and y = 1.6295 - 17.70 (R2 = 0.909, P & lt; 0.05), respectively. The in vitro gas production method can be used for the determination of protein degradation in feed.
Key words: beef cattle, crude protein, utilization rate of net protein in vivo, in vitro gas production, protein degradation rate subject: research direction of national beef and yak industry technology system (cars-37): evaluation of beef cattle nutritional needs and feed nutritional value; 3. Effect of different feed types on the dynamic change and metabolic characteristics of yak rumen bacterial community
Liu, C., Wu, H., Liu, S.J., Chai, S.T., Meng, Q.X., Zhou, Z.M. 2019b. Dynamic Alterations in Yak Rumen Bacteria Community and Metabolome Characteristics in Response to Feed Type. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10.
Abstract: the relationship between rumen bacterial community and metabolites in Yak rumen is still limited. This is due to the difference of nutrition and metabolism between yak and other common cattle. It is necessary for the development of modern yak breeding industry to comprehensively analyze the composition and changes of rumen metabolites. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyze the effects of feed types on the rumen fluid microflora and metabolites of yaks. Bacteroides and pachytene are the main phylum in Yak rumen. At the genus level, the bacterial relative abundance of BS11 intestinal tissue prevotellace - 003, ruminocaccae - 011, bacterial rf16 and ruminocaccae - 010 were significantly higher than that of roughage group (P & lt; 0.01). In the finishing group,. It has a higher proportion of s24-7, ruminocaceae nk4a214, succiniclasticum and ruminal cocci. The analysis of rumen metabonomics combined with enrichment analysis showed that feed type changed the concentration and metabolism mode of rumen metabolites, and the significant (P & lt; 0.01) concentration affected the rumen metabolites involved in protein digestion and absorption (such as arginine, ornithine, threonine, L-proline and β - alanine), purine metabolism (such as xanthine, hypoxanthine, Deoxyadenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphate) and fatty acid biosynthesis (such as stearic acid, myristic acid and arachidonic acid). The correlation analysis of microbial and metabolite characteristics provides a basis for us to fully understand the composition and function of microbial community. The relationship between utilization or production has been widely identified for the affected microbiota and some metabolites. These findings will contribute to the research direction of Yaks in the future. Key words: feed type; metabonomics; microbiome; rumen; subject of yak: National beef and yak industry