Food histology is a new term. It is becoming a new technology that comprehensively analyzes food by using a variety of histochemical analysis techniques and bioinformatics methods. It studies food and nutrition problems by means of genomics, transcriptome, proteomics and metabonomics.
Li Yuanyuan, Mai Mengqi, Hu Xiaosong and Zhang from the school of food science and nutrition engineering, China Agricultural University and the National Research Center of fruit and vegetable processing engineering technology The main purpose of Yan * is to discuss the application of the latest methods in the field of proteomics, proteomics and metabonomics in the realization of the dietary nutrition function of food bioactive compounds and the identification of the main biomarkers, focusing on the review of the molecular mechanism of food histology in the study of bioactive compounds, and the application of food histology in the study of food bioactive compounds The application of bioactive compounds in the research of nutritional function is prospected in order to make better use of them to study the effect of bioactive compounds on health.
1. A brief introduction to food histology
Food histology is a new technology to improve the well-being and health of consumers and study the problems in the field of food and nutrition by applying and integrating advanced histology technology. It focuses on solving food safety problems, improving food quality and food traceability, and understanding the dietary nutrition function of bioactive substances in food at the molecular level. The existing research mainly uses the technology of food histology to reveal the mechanism involved in the realization of the nutritional function of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the extraction of bioactive substances from natural sources (such as plants, algae, food by-products, etc.) is a key step in the research of food histology.
2. The application of food histology in the study of health function of food bioactive compounds
The application of transcriptome in the study of health function of food bioactive compounds
Transcriptome technology has been widely used in the field of food science and nutrition, such as clarifying the molecular mechanism involved in the storage and processing of food, exploring the production mechanism of some toxins in food, and identifying the genes of biofilm formation of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, it is also used to study the health effects of food bioactive compounds, and to explore the genes related to the realization of dietary nutrition function. With the development of microfluidics and miniaturization technology, such as expression microarray and RNA SEQ, which can obtain the complete characterization of any transcriptome, it is conducive to the rapid and effective analysis of thousands of transcriptional sequences.
Application of proteomics in the study of health effects of food bioactive compounds
The structure of proteins is diverse, and their response to environmental stimuli (such as nutrition) is constantly changing, which makes protein-related research become a complex task. In recent years, with the development and improvement of instrumental analysis technology and the progress of genome sequencing, the development of proteomics has been promoted. Because of its powerful function, proteomics can be used in the field of food science and nutrition. It can be used to monitor the changes of processed food, to study the biological activity of protein and peptide, and to identify and quantify sensitized proteins in food matrix. Proteomics has also been used to study the health effects of bioactive compounds in food, but there are few studies.
Application of metabonomics in the study of health effects of food bioactive compounds
The purpose of metabonomics is to identify and quantify all small molecules (less than 1500 DA) in the ecosystem. However, due to the chemical diversity and wide concentration dynamic range of metabolites, it is impossible to analyze all metabolites by a single method. Metabolic profile analysis and metabolic fingerprinting are the most basic methods used in non-target metabonomics. Metabolic profile analysis is a rapid qualitative and semi quantitative analysis of metabolites in specific tissues of organisms under limited conditions, focusing on a group of related metabolites (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, etc.) or specific metabolic pathways; metabolic fingerprints can be used to analyze multiple metabolites at the same time, not classify and identify specific single components, which can be used for rapid sample analysis Classification.
Application of multi-component method in the study of health effects of food bioactive compounds
As shown in the figure, from the perspective of food digestion, absorption and metabolism, some researchers reviewed the application of histochemistry technology in different tissues, organs and metabolites of human body, focusing on the application of proteomics in the study of food digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, the application of transcriptome in the study of expression of active ingredients in different tissues, and the application of metabonomics in the study of active ingredients in food in urine Through the combination of transcriptomics and metabonomics, the changes of bioactive compounds in blood and feces were studied, and the nutritional functions of bioactive compounds were targeted at various parts. However, in the practical research, in order to realize the application of food histology in diet nutrition and disease prevention, the data integration of transcriptome, proteomics and metabonomics is very important. At the same time, the joint application of three kinds of histochemistry technology also has some challenges. Up to now, only a few studies have combined the application of multi-component technology, so this paper focuses on the application of multi-component technology in the study of the health effects of food bioactive compounds, in order to better use the technology to explain the relationship between dietary nutrition and health.
Conclusion
At present, there are still some limitations in microarray technology of transcriptome, such as the need to know the transcriptome sequence to be analyzed, the impact of high background noise on sequencing results and limited dynamic range. In addition, we should devote ourselves to the development of mass spectrometry instrument with higher sensitivity and resolution, which will open up a new era for the rapid development of proteomics and metabonomics; at the same time, the database of metabonomics still needs to be improved and supplemented in order to better identify and detect metabolites and broaden the application scope of metabonomics.
This paper "the application of food histology in the study of the nutritional functional characteristics of bioactive compounds" comes from "food science", Vol.41, 2019, 3, 239-245. The author: Li Yuanyuan, Mai Mengqi, Hu Xiaosong, Zhang Yan. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20181130-368。 Click below to read the original text.
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Revised / edited by: Yuan Yi; editor in charge: Zhang Ruimei pictures from Baidu pictures