Novel coronavirus pneumonia has swept the world, and many countries and regions have been stockpiling grain, limiting or prohibiting grain export. Food security and farmland protection have once again entered the public view.
Recently, China Agricultural University organized experts from colleges and universities, relevant scientific research institutions, units directly under the Ministry of natural resources and some provincial departments to carry out research by video link, relying on the major project of the National Social Science Fund "Research on cultivated land protection transformation under the background of recuperation and interest system", aiming at how cultivated land protection is constrained by the bottom line of food security and high-quality development Driven by comprehensive transformation, suggestions and suggestions are made. Experts participating in the discussion believe that thanks to the strictest cultivated land protection system, China not only sticks to the red line of cultivated land, but also effectively supports the national food security and social stability. Under the background of ecological civilization construction, China's cultivated land protection transformation should take the safety of cultivated land resources as the overall goal, build the goal, content and path of cultivated land protection transformation based on the three dimensions of "elastic space, health control and quality improvement", and promote the "quantity, quality and ecology" all-round transformation of cultivated land protection.
Goal --
Overall consideration of food security sovereignty, ecological security localization and equity security assets
The transformation of cultivated land protection needs to be re examined under the framework of the overall national security system. In this regard, Liu Yan, the consulting and research center of the Ministry of natural resources, believes that we should stand in a higher space-time perspective to look at the transformation of cultivated land protection, objectively and comprehensively analyze the situation and problems faced by China's cultivated land protection, and then put forward the transformation objectives. Kong Xiangbin of China Agricultural University believes that the overall goal of cultivated land protection transformation is the safety of cultivated land resources, that is, the sustainable use of cultivated land resources. "Specifically, the transformation of cultivated land protection is the coordination and unification of the objectives of food security sovereignty, ecological security localization and rights and interests security assets. It is necessary to build a quantitative elastic space of cultivated land to coordinate food security, ecological security and economic development, carry out the construction of cultivated land quality and implement the management and control of cultivated land health risks, so as to ensure the efficient and sustainable use of cultivated land."
At present, the protection of national ecological security, resource security and biological security put forward higher requirements for the protection of cultivated land in the new era. "These requirements should be placed on the spatial layout of cultivated land, reflected in the policy mechanism of cultivated land protection, integrated into the concept of cultivated land protection, and pay more attention to the ecological function of cultivated land," said Jia Wentao, Department of natural resources and planning of Hainan Province. "The goal of cultivated land protection transformation requires us to shift from the management of resource allocation to the management of improving the efficiency of resource utilization." Deng Xiangzheng, Institute of Geographical Sciences and resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggested that the land resource management should not only include reasonable intervention on the heterogeneity and multi suitability of its resource items, but also the cognition and management of its functional competition, substitution and coupling mechanism. Ge Junior College of Nanjing Normal University believes that the transformation of cultivated land protection is the expansion of cultivated land utilization transformation. "The transformation of cultivated land use protection in China should focus on the macro background of urban and rural transformation and development, fully consider the regional differences of rural transformation and development, and pay attention to the coupling pattern of cultivated land protection and rural transformation and development." Content --
Focus on the total management and protection of the quantity, quality and ecology of cultivated land, and strive to build the elastic space of cultivated land
"The transformation of cultivated land protection involves the comprehensive transformation of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology." The experts involved in the discussion all proposed to leave elastic space for farmland protection. At the same time, Shenyang Agricultural University put forward that the construction of elastic space of cultivated land is one of the key points of cultivated land protection transformation. Under the rigid constraint of the cultivated land red line, the source of elastic space should be considered from the overall planning of the cultivated land system, making full use of the multi-functional natural and semi natural non cultivated land between and around the cultivated land, such as small pieces of forest land, grassland, ridge, marginal land, etc. "This can not only reduce the pressure of elastic space allocation on the red line of cultivated land, but also make the comprehensive renovation of cultivated land system conform to the concept of life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses."
Under the background of resource constraints, extreme climate change, international situation tightening and the impact of emergencies, it is necessary to re recognize the current food security in China. In response, Jin Xiaobin of Nanjing University put forward: "China should study and judge the situation of food security in China based on the comprehensive analytical perspective of" supply conditions demand levels exogenous variables ", and then analyze the quantity and spatial distribution of cultivated land under the multiple scenarios of basic security, competitive security, adversity security and ultimate security, and build the quantity bomb of cultivated land protection taking into account different scenarios on this basis Sexual space. " China's cultivated land protection is facing multiple pressures, such as economic development, ecological construction and abandonment of cultivated land. According to tan Minghong, Institute of Geographical Sciences and resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the biggest pressure still comes from the occupation of construction land, and most of it is high-quality cultivated land. In this regard, he suggested that attention should be paid to adjusting the structure of urban land use, accurately assessing the demand for urban land in different levels and regions, and alleviating the contradiction between the demand for land use and the protection of cultivated land. Talking about the construction and improvement of cultivated land quality, Zhang bengbengbeng of northwest agricultural and Forestry University thinks that the construction of cultivated land quality also needs to be transformed urgently: first, from the top-down government project management to the bottom-up application system; second, based on the utilization demand, according to the list of crop production demand, carry out comprehensive land remediation, high standard farmland construction and other precision cultivated land quality according to local conditions The third is to establish the construction standard of the difference between quasi public goods such as grain crop farmland and high value-added crop farmland. "From these three aspects, we can solve the problems of the main body, utilization and source of funds in the construction of cultivated land quality." "At present, in the project of improving the quality of cultivated land, there are many practical problems, such as insufficient construction funds per unit area, low enthusiasm of farmers' participation, single investment channel, lack of management and protection in the later period, and insufficient consideration of ecological protection." Zhao Huafu, from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), suggested that we should check the real situation of the constructed high standard farmland, encourage social capital to flow to the construction of farmland quality, and mobilize all stakeholders to participate in the whole process of monitoring and management of farmland quality construction. The long-term and high-intensity utilization of cultivated land resources in China has led to a series of ecological environmental problems, such as over exploitation of groundwater, thinning of black soil layer, water and soil loss, rocky desertification, heavy metal pollution, etc., which have attracted the attention of experts. Song ge of Northeast University said that in the face of many problems in the process of cultivated land utilization, the transformation of cultivated land protection is not only the protection and transformation of quantity, quality and ecology, but also the transformation of cultivated land restoration and comprehensive management. Yang Zhongfang of China University of Geosciences (Beijing) suggested that ecological risk assessment should be carried out for heavy metal pollution to distinguish areas with high and low heavy metal content and high risk; scientific measures and suggestions should be given on the basis of accurate identification of natural and human factors based on the loss of black soil in Northeast China and the decline of groundwater in North China, so as to truly achieve health management and protection 。 "Cultivated land health should not only be analyzed from the ecological point of view, but also from the human point of view, so as to give full play to the control role of macro subject and the protection role of micro subject." Kong Xiangbin, of China Agricultural University, pointed out that the important role of water in the health of cultivated land should be considered. From the perspective of utilization, "water determines land, water determines production and water determines scale" should be realized to reduce the health risk of cultivated land. Path: to improve the institutional framework from the perspectives of farmland resource guarantee, utilization management, production capacity construction and ecological management
"At present, there is room for improvement of cultivated land protection in terms of quantity protection, quality management, ecological management and protection and system construction." Yun Wenju, Center for land improvement of the Ministry of natural resources, pointed out that the construction of farmland protection system should not only strictly protect the quantity and quality, but also highlight the ecology; it should not only improve the system framework from the aspects of farmland resource guarantee, utilization management, production capacity construction and ecological management, but also make the small-scale agricultural economy competitive, rely on the livelihood of farmers' families, and improve the enthusiasm of farmers to protect farmland.
In this regard, Zuo Xuyang of Guangxi Natural Resources Department believes that on the one hand, we should design a flexible protection system for permanent basic farmland and deal with the relationship between protection and development; on the other hand, we should carry out top-level design from the national level, establish a classified and classified protection and compensation mechanism for farmland, and determine the problem of "how to make up, who to make up, and how much to make up". "The design of cultivated land protection system should not only guide, supervise and restrict from the macro level of the country, but also pay attention to the response of cultivated land users in the process of policy." According to Li Cuizhen of Zhejiang University of technology and industry, in the economically developed areas, there are many kinds of new business subjects and business modes. Farmers have the right to contract cultivated land, the new management subject is the actual user, the farmers and the land are in a semi detached state, the interests and tasks of all parties need to be driven and balanced by economy, these micro perspective issues are crucial to the design of cultivated land protection path transformation system. Specifically, Kong Xiangbin of Agricultural University of China raised several key issues in the transformation of farmland protection: how to improve the differential balance mechanism of farmland occupation and compensation based on the combination of quantitative elasticity and rigidity, and how to coordinate the "three areas and three lines" in the land spatial planning; how to improve the permanent basic farmland protection system with "health control" as the core, and form the permanent basic farmland risk management Control and monitoring, early warning and reward and punishment mechanism system; how to improve the high standard farmland construction system with "quality improvement" as the core, establish the construction system with the participation of different subjects such as the central government, local government and enterprises or farmers, realize the linkage and mutual supervision between departments, and improve the later management and protection mechanism of high standard farmland. Kong Xiangbin suggested that we should establish the incentive mechanism of cultivated land protection aiming at "coordination of rights and interests", the horizontal protection and compensation mechanism based on permanent basic farmland and the vertical protection and compensation mechanism based on the main body of cultivated land protection. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a dynamic supervision and responsibility assessment mechanism for cultivated land protection, and introduce a third-party evaluation mechanism for cultivated land protection. In terms of incentive compensation for cultivated land protection, Gu Xiaokun of Shanghai Jiaotong University proposed that the compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection aimed at "equity of rights and interests" is one of the core contents of innovation and transformation of cultivated land protection system, and at least four aspects of coordination should be considered: first, the coordination between the compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection and the overall ecological compensation mechanism; second, the coordination between the central government, local governments and farmers as the main body The third is the coordination between the financial transfer payment and the market free trade in the implementation of the horizontal compensation mechanism; the fourth is the coordination between the normalized compensation and the intermittent fallow. Through the design of four coordinated farmland protection and compensation mechanisms, we can promote the rights and equity mechanism of farmland in different states such as withdrawal, recuperation and utilization. "The means to achieve the goal of cultivated land protection usually need to take multiple measures at the same time and take into account efficiency, equity and safety." Jin Leshan of China Agricultural University pointed out that in addition to legal, planning, administrative and other regulatory means, it also needs financial, tax, economic, compensation and other incentives. The compensation for cultivated land protection needs the compensation from the superior government to the subordinate government, and also needs the compensation from the government to the relevant farmers. Sources of funds for compensation, including the financial funds of the superior and the corresponding levels, and